Direct Instruction Bibliographies
Writings regarding the development of Direct Instruction (DI) and its effectiveness have spanned over 50 years. The theoretical material documents the careful ways in which the programs are developed. The efficacy studies provide extensive evidence that the programs are effective and support the assertion that all children can learn if provided with appropriate instruction. These studies have been conducted with a wide variety of populations, in different settings, and within all subject areas related to the programs. NIFDI staff have prepared a comprehensive bibliography of writings related to Direct Instruction as well as bibliographies related to various sub-areas of the field.
Comprehensive Bibliography
This bibliography provides citations to hundreds of articles and books related to Direct Instruction. It has four major sections. The first section lists the DI programs developed over the years, with separate sections for different subjects. Sections II and III focus on studies of DI’s effectiveness, categorizing the works by the type of research design and curricular focus. Additionally, each of these sections includes subsections for studies with students with disabilities and studies with English as a second language (ESL) students. Section II lists studies that utilized randomized control designs, while Section III lists studies that used quasi-experimental and other designs. Section IV lists a wide variety of other material related to Direct Instruction, such as general articles and books, criticisms and responses, writings on Project Follow Through, teacher training, implementation, and material related to specific subject areas and target audiences. An extensive sub-section (W) lists studies that were instrumental in the development of the programs. Subsections (Y) and (Z) list unpublished dissertations and theses, and case-study reports from individual schools and districts.
A substantial proportion of the material listed in the bibliography is abstracted and indexed in NIFDI’s searchable database.
Subject Area Bibliographies
NIFDI staff have prepared bibliographies and summaries of DI-related research in a variety of areas (Reading Mastery and learning-disabled students, Corrective Reading with adult students, outside the elementary school setting, ELL students, and African American students) and the relationship of Direct Instruction to mathematics achievement, language achievement, and school attendance. Other bibliographies list citations to research on Project Follow Through and research syntheses of efficacy studies of DI.
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Bibliographies & Abstracts of Literature
