- 1. The Effectiveness of Direct Instruction Curricula: A Meta-Analysis of a Half Century of Research
- (Publication)
- This updated meta-analysis synthesized the results of 328 studies on the effectiveness of Direct Instruction, spanning 50 years (1966-2016). Results were consistent with conclusions of previous meta-analyses ...
- Created on 22 November 2019
- 2. The WWC Review Process: An Analysis of Errors in Two Recent Reports
- (Publication)
- The What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) is a federally funded program established in 2002 that evaluates educational interventions and publishes reports and summary ratings. The reports have received extensive ...
- Created on 02 November 2015
- 3. A randomized control study of instructional approaches for struggling adult readers
- (Publication)
- This study compared the effect of implicit (Extensive Reading), explicit (Corrective Reading), and a combination of the two approaches on the reading achievement of 198 adults reading at the third to ...
- Created on 10 January 2019
- 4. Changes in Reading Achievement at a Florida Elementary School: A Randomized Control Study of Reading Mastery
- (Publication)
- This study examined the effect of two reading programs on the reading achievement of elementary students. Students were selected from grades K-2 at a Florida elementary school and randomly assigned to ...
- Created on 27 September 2015
- 5. Effects of Direct Instruction on the Acquisition of Prepositions by Students with Intellectual Disabilities
- (Publication)
- This article examined the use of direct instruction for teaching the use of prepositions to students with intellectual disabilities. Two African-American middle school boys were included in the study. ...
- Created on 17 April 2015
- 6. Fourth Graders’ Growth in Reading Comprehension and Fluency: A Pretest-Posttest Randomized Control Study Comparing Reading Mastery and Scott Foresman Basal Reading Program
- (Publication)
- This study compared the effect of two reading programs (Reading Mastery Signature Edition, Scott Foresman’s Celebrate Reading) on the reading comprehension and fluency of fourth grade students. Fifty two ...
- Created on 27 September 2015
- 7. An evaluation of two methods for teaching United States history to students with learning disabilities
- (Publication)
- This study examined the effect of two contrasting approaches to teaching United States history to 44 seventh to ninth grade students with learning disabilities. Students were randomly assigned to either ...
- Created on 26 March 2017
- 8. Exploring barriers to the role of Corrective Reading in systematic school reform: Implications of a three-part investigation
- (Publication)
- This study examined the effect of Corrective Reading (CR) on the reading achievement of at-risk 3rd and 4th grade students and teachers’ perception of CR materials. Low-achieving 3rd and 4th grade students ...
- Created on 13 January 2017
- 9. Evaluating the promise of computer-based reading interventions with students with reading difficulties
- (Publication)
- This study compared the effect of two parent implemented computer-based reading programs (Funnix & Headsprout) on the basic early literacy skills of 25 students with reading difficulties over eight weeks. ...
- Created on 19 July 2016
- 10. Using Precision Teaching with Direct Instruction in a Summer School Program
- (Publication)
- This study examined the effect of the combination of Reading Mastery (RM) and Precision Teaching (PT) on the reading skills of elementary students (Grade 1to 4). Students who were below grade level in ...
- Created on 13 July 2016
- 11. Effects of Direct Instruction on the reading comprehension of students with autism and developmental disabilities
- (Publication)
- This study examined the effect of Corrective Reading on the reading comprehension of four elementary and secondary students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and developmental disabilities (DD). Curriculum-based ...
- Created on 22 June 2016
- 12. Teaching word recognition to young children who are at risk using Microsoft PowerPoint coupled with Direct Instruction
- (Publication)
- There is an emerging evidence base for use of PowerPoint with young children at risk, and there is a strong research base for use of direct instructional methods. This article looks at the use of Microsoft ...
- Created on 17 April 2015
- 13. Promoting Early Literacy of Preschool Children: A Study of the Effectiveness of Funnix Beginning Reading
- (Publication)
- Thirty-seven four year old Head Start students in a suburban area of the southern United States were randomly assigned to receive 30 minutes of daily instruction in Funnix or the same amount of time in ...
- Created on 04 December 2013
- 14. Effects of peer-mediated Direct Instruction and repeated reading on the reading skills of incarcerated juveniles with disabilities
- (Publication)
- This study examined the effect of peer delivered instruction of the Corrective Reading program on the oral reading fluency and reading comprehension skills of eight struggling secondary readers living ...
- Created on 28 April 2017
- 15. Corrective Reading helps English-Language learners improve reading skills
- (Publication)
- This study examined the effect of Corrective Reading (CR) on the reading achievement of English Language Learner (ELL) students in grades 4-7 in three schools. Student achievement was measured using the ...
- Created on 02 April 2017
- 16. Orlando school improves ESE scores with Corrective Reading
- (Publication)
- This study examined the effect of Corrective Reading (CR) on the reading achievement of 12 third grade students with physical and/or mental disabilities. Prior to instruction with CR, all students were ...
- Created on 01 April 2017
- 17. Assessing the effects of Corrective Reading Decoding B1 with a high school student with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A case study
- (Publication)
- This study examined the effect of five months of instruction with Corrective Reading Decoding B1 (CR) on the decoding skills of a high school student with intellectual and developmental disabilities. The ...
- Created on 18 July 2016
- 18. Corrective Reading: An evidence-based remedial reading intervention
- (Publication)
- This study examined the effect of Corrective Reading (CR) on the phonological processes of 206 elementary and secondary students identified with serious reading problems. A battery of phonological tests ...
- Created on 09 October 2015
- 19. Special education students at California elementary school achieve AYP with Direct Instruction
- (Publication)
- This study examined the effect of Direct Instruction (DI) reading programs on the reading achievement of special and general education elementary students. In response to students reading well below grade ...
- Created on 28 September 2015
- 20. Direct Instruction reduces special education referrals in Louisiana school district by half
- (Publication)
- This study examined the effect of two Direct Instruction (DI) programs (Reading Mastery, Corrective Reading) on the academic achievement and referrals for special education of elementary students. At the ...
- Created on 28 September 2015
- 21. Effects of a computer based beginning reading program on young children
- (Publication)
- This study examined the effect of the Funnix Beginning Reading program on the reading achievement of kindergarten and first grade students. Fifteen students were instructed with the computer based Direct ...
- Created on 27 September 2015
- 22. Reading Achievement in a Direct Instruction School and a “Three Tier” Curriculum School
- (Publication)
- This study compared the effect of two reading programs on the reading achievement of kindergarten and elementary students from two schools within the same school district. Student achievement between kindergarten ...
- Created on 27 September 2015
- 23. Interventions for reading difficulties: A comparison of response to intervention by ELL and EFL struggling readers
- (Publication)
- This study examined student response to remedial reading intervention, with comparisons made between students from differing language backgrounds and across instructional programs. Struggling readers who ...
- Created on 04 December 2013
- 24. Direct Instruction helps Native American school change course, improve reading
- (Publication)
- This study examined the effect of Corrective Reading (CR) on the reading achievement of students in grades 7-9 in one school. Prior to the implementation of CR in 2003, every student had required reading ...
- Created on 02 April 2017
- 25. Corrective Reading helps ELL students gain multiple years growth
- (Publication)
- This study examined the effect of Corrective Reading (CR) on the reading achievement of English Language Learner (ELL) students in one middle school. CR was implemented in grades 6-8 during the 2001-2002 ...
- Created on 01 April 2017
- 26. The Third Wave Project: Report of a project to investigate effective ‘Third Wave’ intervention strategies for students with learning difficulties who are in mainstream schools in years 4, 5 and 6
- (Publication)
- This study examined “Third Wave” intervention strategies for fourth, fifth, and sixth grade students with learning disabilities in mainstream schools. Fifty six schools participated in the study with 35 ...
- Created on 09 June 2016
- 27. Extensive Reading Interventions in Grades K-3: From Research to Practice
- (Publication)
- This report summarizes 12 research studies on the effectiveness of early literacy instruction for struggling readers. The programs reviewed included Early Steps, Sound Partners, Thinking Partners, Proactive ...
- Created on 09 November 2015
- 28. The effects of a Corrective Reading program in a middle school
- (Publication)
- This study examined the effect of the Corrective Reading (CR) program on the reading comprehension and fluency skills of 11 middle school students. The Jerry Johns Reading Inventory was administered for ...
- Created on 04 November 2015
- 29. Intensifying Reading Instruction for Students Within a Three-Tier Model: Standard-Protocol and Problem Solving Approaches within a Response-to-Intervention (RTI) System
- (Publication)
- This study examined the efficiency and effectiveness of a three tier intervention model and the use of a Response-to-Intervention system. 371 students in grades K to 3 from one elementary school participated ...
- Created on 23 August 2015
- 30. The relative impact of remedial reading instruction on the basic reading skills of students with emotional disturbance and learning disabilities
- (Publication)
- This study investigated the effects of a Direct Instruction reading program, Corrective Reading, on the reading achievement of elementary and middle school students with emotional disturbance (ED) and ...
- Created on 04 December 2013
- 31. The effects of a Direct Instruction program on the fraction performance of middle school students at-risk for failure in mathematics
- (Publication)
- This study examined the effects of a Direct Instruction mathematics program, Corrective Mathematics, Basic Fractions on middle school students identified as at-risk for failure in mathematics. Concepts ...
- Created on 04 December 2013
- 32. Effectiveness of Direct Instruction for teaching statement inference, use of facts, and analogies to students with developmental disabilities and reading delays
- (Publication)
- This study examined the effect of using Corrective Reading Thinking Basics: Comprehension Level A on reading comprehension of four elementary students. Probes were given in the areas of statement inference, ...
- Created on 04 December 2013
- 33. Effectiveness of Corrective Reading with high school special education students
- (Publication)
- This one year study examined the effect of the Corrective Reading (CR) program on the reading achievement of ninth and tenth grade students with learning disabilities. Student achievement was compared ...
- Created on 22 May 2017
- 34. The impact of instructional methodology on student achievement of black males based on the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test
- (Publication)
- This study compares the effect of two reading programs on the reading achievement of African American elementary students. Students received instruction with either the Harcourt Basal Series or the Reading ...
- Created on 21 May 2017
- 35. Corrective Reading program evaluation for struggling readers in third grade
- (Publication)
- This study examines the effect of the Corrective Reading (CR) program on the reading achievement of four third grade students. All four students had been identified as low-performing students. CR was implemented ...
- Created on 20 May 2017
- 36. Effects of comprehensive school reform on student achievement and school change: A longitudinal multi-site study
- (Publication)
- This three-year longitudinal study examined the effect of four Comprehensive School Reform (CFR) models on the academic achievement of elementary students in 12 schools. These four models included Direct ...
- Created on 04 May 2017
- 37. Direct Instruction helps Milwaukee schools increase reading scores
- (Publication)
- This study examined the effect of Direct Instruction (DI) reading programs on the reading achievement of elementary students in 11 schools. The Direct Instruction reading programs Reading Mastery and Corrective ...
- Created on 04 April 2017
- 38. Effects of Corrective Reading on the reading abilities and classroom behaviors of middle school students with reading deficits and challenging behavior
- (Publication)
- This study examined the effect of Corrective Reading (CR) on the reading fluency and behavior of seven middle school students with reading deficits and behavior problems. The Woodcock Reading Mastery Test-Revised ...
- Created on 02 November 2015
- 39. Effects of a decoding program on a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder
- (Publication)
- This study examined the effect of the Direct Instruction program, Corrective Reading, on the reading and language skills of a seven year old boy with high functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder. The student ...
- Created on 13 October 2015
- 40. Reading Mastery, Corrective Reading help students with disabilities achieve significant academic growth
- (Publication)
- This study examined the effect of Direct Instruction (DI) reading programs (Reading Mastery, Corrective Reading) on the reading achievement of elementary and secondary students with disabilities. In the ...
- Created on 28 September 2015
- 41. Reading proficiency more than doubles among Putnam County special education students
- (Publication)
- This study examined the effect of Reading Mastery (RM) and Corrective Reading (CR) on the reading achievement of special education students in grades 3-8. In response to the poor reading test scores of ...
- Created on 28 September 2015
- 42. Exceptional education and regular education students excel with Direct Instruction
- (Publication)
- This study examined the effect of Direct Instruction (DI) reading programs on the reading achievement of students with disabilities. In response to the growing achievement gap between students with disabilities ...
- Created on 28 September 2015
- 43. Cleveland school keeps Reading Mastery as curriculum core
- (Publication)
- This study examined the effect of Direct Instruction on the reading achievement of economically disadvantaged elementary students. The school fully implemented Reading Mastery in grades K-6 during the ...
- Created on 28 September 2015
- 44. Effects of a three-tier strategic model of intensifying instruction using a research-based core reading program in grades K-3
- (Publication)
- This study examined the effect of a three-tier strategic model of intensifying instruction with Reading Mastery Plus with students in kindergarten through grade three at a Title I school. Typically achieving ...
- Created on 26 September 2015
- 45. A comparison of teacher attitudes and beliefs about issues in education across conventional and Direct Instruction schools
- (Publication)
- This study compared attitudes and beliefs of conventional teachers with teachers who worked at schools implementing Direct Instruction. A survey was designed to collect information about beliefs teachers ...
- Created on 17 April 2015
- 46. Using systematic instruction to teach decoding skills to middle school students with moderate intellectual disabilities
- (Publication)
- This study examined the effect of the letter-sound correspondence instruction of the Corrective Reading program on three male middle school students with moderate intellectual disabilities. Additionally, ...
- Created on 09 April 2015
- 47. Direct Instruction of decoding skills: Effects on fluency rate of two learning disabled students
- (Publication)
- This study examined the effect of the Corrective Reading program on the decoding skills and reading rate of two secondary students with learning disabilities. Student ages were 13 and 15, but both read ...
- Created on 09 June 2016
- 48. The Effectiveness of Direct Instruction in Reading Compared to a State Mandated Language Arts Curriculum for Ninth and Tenth Graders with Specific Learning Disabilities
- (Publication)
- This study examined the effect of Corrective Reading on high school students with learning disabilities’ reading ability, pass rate on the Gateway Language Arts exam, and their perceptions of reading. ...
- Created on 09 June 2016
- 49. The effects of using Direct Instruction and a re-reading contingency with a high school student
- (Publication)
- This study examined the effect of using re-reading as a consequence for a 16-year –old high school remedial student being unable to read passages rapidly with zero errors. The student was reading at a ...
- Created on 13 November 2015
- 50. Direct instruction of decoding skills: Effects on fluency rate of two learning disabled students
- (Publication)
- This study examined the effect of the Corrective Reading program on the decoding skills and reading rate of two secondary students with learning disabilities. Student ages were 13 and 15, but both read ...
- Created on 05 November 2015
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